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Energy Sector Development Plan

The Estonian Energy Development Plan (ENMAK/ESDP 2035) sets the goal of the Estonian energy sector to ensure energy security, increase the country's competitiveness and contribute to the transition to a clean energy economy. The focus of ENMAK is to ensure a diverse generation portfolio so that the Estonian electricity system is reliable and resilient at all times. In addition to the skillful use of local, affordable clean energy sources (such as wind and solar with storage solutions), we must ensure the existence of sufficient controllable capacity in Estonia.

Energy Development Plan (ESDP 2035)

ESDP 2035_0.pdf | 14.66 MB | pdf ESDP summary.pdf | 95.72 KB | pdf

OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF ESDP 2035: Estonia’s energy sector ensures energy security, increases the competitiveness and contributes to the transition to clean energy economy.

The sub-objectives of ESDP 2035 are

  • ensuring energy security
  • ensuring access to energy and affordable prices
  • ensuring the environmental sustainability of energy

ESDP 2035

The Government of the Republic initiated the preparation of the Estonian Energy Sector Development Plan 2035 (ENMAK 2035) on 18 November 2021. 

The development plan was prepared in alignment with the objectives and trends of the energy and climate policy of both the European Union and Estonia for 2030 and 2050, as well as with the strategy Estonia 2035 and its action plan, which outlines the transition to climate-neutral energy production, while ensuring energy security, as a necessary change. The development plan includes activities related to the transition to climate-neutral electricity and heat production to ensure energy security. 

Timeline

ENMAK 2035 timetline:

2022-2023 | preparatory activities for the draft development plan and launch of the preparation of the strategic environmental impact assessment (SEA) programme
2023-2024 | preparation of the draft development plan, preparation of the strategic environmental impact assessment report and impact assessment
2024-2025 | supplementing the draft, public consultation and approval in the draft information system, processing in the Riigikogu, submission to the Government of the Republic
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2024 November-December | Public display and public discussion of the SEA report
2025 February | Approval of the SEA report
2025 April | Declaration of the SEA report as compliant with the Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management System Act by the minister
2025 July-August | Approval of the ENMAK 2035 draft in the draft information system
2025 October-December | In the Government of the Republic and the Parliament
2026 January | Confirmation from the Parliament of the Republic

On 20 October 2017, the Energy Sector Development Plan until 2030 was approved by the Government of the Republic.

By 2030, the development plan sets the following tasks and targets:

  • free, grant-free and open fuel and electricity markets shall work
  • the electricity generation capacity in Estonia shall be sufficient if the N-1-1 criterion* is met (in terms of generation plants)
  • the Estonian electricity system shall be synchronised with the synchronisation area administered by the European Union
  • electricity generation from renewable energy sources will account for 50% of final domestic electricity consumption, and the construction of new renewable electricity generation plants will take place under the conditions of the open electricity market without additional domestic grants
  • the share of the largest supply source on the Estonian gas market will not exceed 70%
  • the share of the largest gas seller on the Estonian gas market will not exceed 32%
  • there will happen a significant decrease in market concentration on the gas market, and the measure of market concentration HHI** of the gas market will be below 2000
  • district heating systems will be preserved in areas where they are sustainable and able to offer consumers favourable and environmentally friendly energy solutions
  • 80% of the heat produced in Estonia shall be based on renewable energy sources, and the importance of local energy sources in heat production is increased by peat. The target is mostly achieved on a market basis
  • the average total duration of interruptions in the distribution network in minutes per point of consumption per year shall not exceed 90 minutes, which is achieved without additional burden on the consumer tariff
  • through reconstruction activities, the energy efficiency of buildings shall increase (40% of small residential buildings = C or D energy efficiency index class; 50% of apartment buildings = C; non-residential buildings 20% = C)
  • new buildings shall correspond to the value of the energy efficiency index of a nearly zero-energy building
  • 37% of the total net area of buildings used by the central government shall be located in buildings that meet at least the minimum energy performance requirements that came into force in 2013
  • the fuel consumption of the vehicle fleet in 2030 shall not exceed the level of 2012 (8.3 TWh).

Last updated: 30.03.2026

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